Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Limmud FSU California 2016

Today, let us consider identity. Identity may be frozen, destroyed, or altered through major life changes such as exile, immigration, or assimilation. Identity is a journey, as a recent conference in Los Angeles has shown. The Jewish organization Limmud FSU, the FSU standing for Former Soviet Union, brought together several hundred people to discuss and celebrate their evolving identifies. Limmud FSU brings together young Jewish adults who are revitalizing Jewish culture throughout the countries of the former Soviet Union. It also has an international network with Russian-speakers in Israel and throughout the world. [Russian-language excerpt, summarized in English-language paragraph below.] Limmud FSU Executive Director Roman Kogan points out that the organization has a unique ability to attract enthusiastic people who are outside the traditional Jewish community. Committed to pluralism and education, Limmud’s format and principles enables it to strengthen and expand the dialogue between the Jewish and Ukrainian communities. Important parts of this dialogue on identities were the dynamic talks by the Ukrainian historian Ihor Shchupak. He is the director of Dnipropetrovsk’s Tkuma Center for Holocaust Studies and Museum of History of Jews of Ukraine. Shchupak engaged his audiences in provocative give-and-takes on the complexities and contradictions of the history […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Courage and Fear

Courage and fear. The first quality mobilizes action. The second emotion can paralyze the brain, but not always the heart. Courage and Fear is also the title of a remarkable new book written by the Polish scholar and diplomat Ola Hnatiuk.  Her book is a gripping account of both the Soviet and Nazi occupations of Lviv in the Second World War. The book focuses on the daily life and dire choices faced by a very special group of people in dramatic circumstances. We meet the Jewish, Polish, and Ukrainian writers, artists, musicians, academics, and medical community of the city. This cultural elite outwitted, compromised with, or was destroyed by the barbarians in the garden. Dr. Hnatiuk received her PhD in Ukrainian Literature from Warsaw University. She was a Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute Fellow. Currently she is a Professor in Culture Studies at Warsaw University, and also a professor at Kyiv Mohyla Academy. Dr. Hnatiuk has won numerous awards for her scholarly work, including work fostering Polish-Ukrainian relations. She has also served in the Diplomatic Corps of Poland at the embassy in Ukraine. Her book, now available in Polish and Ukrainian, is not a standard academic monograph detailing a complex and […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Agnon of Buchach

The Agnon Literary Center: restoring the link between contemporary Buchach and a literary legend.   Welcome to Ukrainian Jewish Heritage on Nash Holos Ukrainian Roots Radio. I’m Peter Bejger. Today—some reflections on periphery and center, the province and global culture, and a literary legacy interrupted, lost, and re-imagined. Buchach is a charming town of some twelve thousand people. It is nestled along a river among picturesque forests of the southern Ternopil region of western Ukraine. As with many small towns, the atmosphere is placid. And many residents may not know every aspect of their local heritage. A new initiative with the launch of the Agnon Literary Center explores this heritage. The energetic young arts activist Mariana Maksymiak set out to return to Buchach an important aspect of its literary identity. She organized weekly events at an informal art space that attracted a growing local audience. These cultural initiatives are still rare in the smaller towns of Ukraine. And she turned to restoring a link between contemporary Buchach and a literary legend. [English-language audio clip] Who was Agnon? First, some history. During the Habsburg Empire Buchach developed into an important county center and had a Jewish majority until 1914. The town was […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Agnon Literary Center

Today—some reflections on periphery and center, the province and global culture, and a literary legacy interrupted, lost, and re-imagined. Buchach is a charming town of some twelve thousand people. It is nestled along a river among picturesque forests of the southern Ternopil region of western Ukraine. As with many small towns, the atmosphere is placid. And many residents may not know every aspect of their local heritage. A new initiative with the launch of the Agnon Literary Center explores this heritage. The energetic young arts activist Mariana Maksymiak set out to return to Buchach an important aspect of its literary identity. She organized weekly events at an informal art space that attracted a growing local audience. These cultural initiatives are still rare in the smaller towns of Ukraine. And she turned to restoring a link between contemporary Buchach and a literary legend. [Makysmiak English-language audio clip.] Who was Agnon? First, some history. During the Habsburg Empire Buchach developed into an important county center and had a Jewish majority until 1914. The town was ruined by the First World War but still had a substantial Jewish presence until the 1940s. Several prominent Jews were born in Buchach, among them the renowned […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Hannukah 2015

Hanukkah is a joyous holiday, celebrated every year by Jews around the world with the lighting of candles or wicks in olive oil on a candelabra called a “menorah”, or “hanukkiya* in modern Hebrew. Traditional Hanukkah treats include potato latkes, called plyatsky or deruny in Ukrainian, and sufganiyot, doughnuts with jam, called pampushky in Ukrainian. There is also a tradition to give Hannukah gelt—coins, and more recently gifts— to children. And there is a special Hanukkah dreidel game. A dreidel is a top, or dzyga in Ukrainian. Hanukkah is actually a relatively minor Jewish holiday. There are no religious restrictions on work … other than a few minutes after lighting the candles. In North America, however, as a symbol of Jewish identity, Hanukkah has assumed a place equal to Passover … largely due to its proximity on the calendar to Christmas. As a result, in this part of the world, Hanukkah has integrated several Christmas-related customs … in particular, extensive gift-giving and Hanukkah parties. The lit menorah is displayed in windows or at the doors of Jewish houses during the festival, alongside neighbouring Christmas lights. In Ukraine during Soviet times, Judaism could not be practiced freely … so there was […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Propaganda—Holocaust vs Holodomor

Propaganda. A loaded term that, today, has become so clichéd that its original definition is lost in a sea of moral equivalence. Once, propaganda was merely a word describing … the dissemination of ideas, information or rumour … for the purpose of helping or injuring … an institution, a cause, or a person. Today, unfortunately, the distinction between helping and harming has become all but irrelevant. “So what’s the difference between selling shampoo and what Putin is doing?” A PhD candidate at Cambridge University, one of the world’s top universities, asked this question during a guest lecture by Peter Pomerantsev, a British TV producer and expert on Russian propaganda. The question rendered him virtually speechless. Pomerantsev shared this story last June at the conference on propaganda and genocide organized by the Ukrainian Jewish Encounter. He was one of several world experts whose presentations revealed how propaganda techniques used to commit mass murder and genocide are universal, and change only superficially due to technology, time, and societal circumstance. The scholars examined the imagery and messaging used by the soviets and the Nazis. They also drew clear parallels to what is happening today. Professor Ludmilla Hrynevych is one of the first Ukrainian […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Sheptytsky from A to Z

Today we will play a game with the alphabet. “A” is for aristocrat, someone who is privileged but also someone who can be considered the best of its kind. “A” is also for ascetic, someone who practices profound self-discipline and abstains from the worldly pleasures of life. “A” is also for Andrei, as in Andrei Sheptytsky, a legendary Ukrainian religious leader and moral authority in the very much-tormented Galicia of the 20th century. A remarkable children’s book—and a book that will delight not only children—created a stir at this year’s Lviv Book Forum. Sheptytsky from A to Zed, or if you prefer, from A to Zee, offers a delightful yet thoughtful account of a renowned figure’s life through the letters of the alphabet. Of course, in the original Ukrainian the last letter is not zed, but rather “ya,” which means “I.” I, and you, and anyone else reading the book will get an invaluable tip when we reach this letter. But more about that later. The book, written by Halyna Tereshchuk and Oksana Dumanska, and illustrated by Romana Romanyshyn and Andrii Lesiv, covers with wit and panache all the highlights of a great man’s life. Count Roman Aleksander Maria Sheptytsky […]

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Ukrainian Jewish Heritage: Film Review— Saved by Sheptytsky

“No harm will come to you here. You are safe. “ Lilly Pohlman says she will remember these words till the end of her days. Along with the memory of a giant of a man gently reassuring her after experiencing the horror of Nazi brutality. Over 150 other Jews who survived the Holocaust in Ukraine have similar memories. Three of them share their personal recollections of that gentle giant, Met. Archbishop Andrey Count Sheptytsky, in a documentary film called Saved by Sheptytsky. Released in 2012, the film was produced by the Ukrainian Jewish Encounter, based in Toronto, Canada. Metropolitan Sheptytsky was born in 1865 to an aristocratic family in Prylbychi, a Ukrainian village near Lviv, then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 1891 he left behind his privileged life to become a Ukrainian Catholic cleric. He was made bishop in 1900, and shortly afterwards became Metropolitan, the top hierarch of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church. Metropolitan Sheptytsky is known, for very good reason, as the saviour of Jews during World War II. Defying extreme danger, he used the administrative structure of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church to cheat the Nazis. Over 240 Ukrainian priests and nuns risked their lives hiding Jewish children. Metropolitan […]

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Knyzhka Corner Book Review: The Sea is Only Knee Deep

 The Sea is Only Knee Deep is the true story of Paulina Zelitsky’s defection to Canada from the Soviet Union with her two young children in 1971. These two volumes explore many topics including: Stalin’s final years, Fidel Castro’s Cuba, and the dangers defecting. Paulina’s story begins in Cuba in 1968. She is part of the engineering team designing a top secret submarine base for Soviet nuclear submarines. “My predicament was dangerous and the possibility of defection much more so.” (Vol.1, p. 1) Zelitsky’s story does not shy away from the complex political realities of life in the Soviet Union. Beginning with her birth in 1945 in postwar Odessa, Zelitsky’s Jewish family is subjected to constant scrutiny by the KGB. Despite the death of her mother from Stalin’s imposed famine of 1946-1947, Paulina is an optimistic child who loves difficult tasks. Jokingly, adults tell her, “To you any sea is only knee deep.”  This Odessan motto, which is the title of the book, becomes a powerful tool in her life. The multicultural city of Odessa is full of beautiful buildings and talented people. However, the constant fear of Soviet repression rules their lives.  Children are forced to denounce their […]

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